Common Courtesies

This section aims to give you the basics in a diverse variety of European languages to ensure you can be polite and courteous. The English expression ‘Mind your Ps and Qs’, meaning make sure to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’, continues to be true, and in many cultures (though not all) is seen as a sign of respect.

Later it’s hoped we can extend this, including going beyond the European continent, so apologies for now to those whose languages aren’t represented here. In places a clue to pronunciation for those more familiar with English is included in blue, which is hopefully useful as a guide, albeit an imperfect one.

The page also includes some useful external links where you can explore some of the languages touched on here in, and which have been helpful sources in putting together this guide to common courtesies.


Greetings and Goodbyes

Spanish

  • Hello – hola!
  • Hi – hola!
  • Good morning – Buenos días
  • Good afternoon – Buenas tardes
  • Good evening – Buenas tardes
  • Pleased to meet you – Mucho gusto / Encantado/a
  • How are you? Cómo está usted? / Cómo estas?
  • Good, thanks, and you? Bien, gracias, y tú?
  • See you later! Hasta luego
  • Have a good day – que tenga un buen día
  • Have a good evening! – que tenga una buena tarde
  • See you soon. Hasta pronto
  • Goodbye / bye – Adiós
  • Goodnight! Buenas noches

French

  • Hello – bonjour
  • Hi – salut!
  • Good morning – bonjour
  • Good afternoon – bonjour
  • Good evening – Bonsoir
  • Pleased to meet you – enchanté(e)
  • How are you? (Comment) ça va?
  • Good, thanks, and you? Très bien, merci, et vous?
  • See you later! À toute à l’heure!
  • Have a good day – bonne journée
  • Have a good evening! – bonne soirée
  • See you soon. À bientôt
  • Goodbye – Au revoir
  • Bye! – Salut!
  • Goodnight! Bonne nuit

Italian

  • Hello – Ciao
  • Hi – Ciao! / Salve!
  • Good morning (& early afternoon) – Buongiorno
  • Good evening (& late afternoon) – Buona sera
  • Nice to meet you – Piacere!
  • Pleased to meet you – Piacere di consoscerela
  • How are you? come stai (informal) come sta (formal)
  • How ‘s it going? Come va? (informal)
  • Pretty well, thanks. – Non c’è male
  • Well, thanks, and you? – Sto bene grazie, e tu? (or e lei in formal situations)
  • See you later! A dopo
  • See you tomorrow – A domani!
  • Have a good evening – Buona serata
  • See you soon. – A presto!
  • Until the next time – Alla prossima
  • Goodbye – Arrivederci (informal ; Arrivederla (formal)
  • Bye! – Ciao!
  • Goodnight! – Buona notte

Romanianwork in progress

  • Hello
  • Hi
  • Good morning
  • Good afternoon
  • Good evening
  • Pleased to meet you
  • How are you?
  • Good, thanks!
  • See you later!
  • See you soon.
  • Goodbye
  • Bye!
  • Goodnight!

Germanwork in progress

  • Hello
  • Hi
  • Good morning
  • Good afternoon
  • Good evening
  • Pleased to meet you
  • How are you?
  • Good, thanks!
  • See you later!
  • See you soon.
  • Goodbye
  • Bye!
  • Goodnight!


Russian

  • Hello – здравствуйте
  • Hi – привет
  • Good morning – доброе утро
  • Good afternoon – доброй день
  • Good evening – добрый вечер
  • Pleased to meet you – Было приятно познакомиться
  • How are you? Как дела?
  • Good, thanks! Хорошо, спасибо
  • See you later! до скорогo
  • Goodbye – до свидания
  • Bye! – Пока!
  • Goodnight! – спокойной ночи

Norwegian

  • Hello – hallo (hah-loo )
  • Hi – hei! (hay)
  • Good morning – God morgen
  • Good afternoon – God dag ( gud-dah‘g )
  • Good evening God aften / God kveld
  • Pleased to meet you – Hyggelig a treffes ( huig-guh-lih oh trehf-fuhs )
  • How are you? Hvordan står det til?
  • Good, thanks, and you? – Bare bra, takk. Og med deg? (bah’ ruh-brah tahk. Oh meh day? )
  • See you later! – Vi ses
  • Goodbye – Adjø ( ahd-yuh )
  • Farewell – Farvel
  • Bye! – Ha det!
  • Goodnight! – God natt


Greek

  • Hello – Γειά σου (yah-soo) or (more formally ‘greetings’) Χαίρετε (Herete)
  • Hi – “Γεια” (yah) / Γεια σας (yah-sass) to a group
  • Good morning – Καλημέρα (kah-lee-mer-ah)
  • Good afternoon – Καλησπέρα (kah-lee-sper-ah)
  • Good evening – Καλησπέρα (kah-lee-sper-ah)
  • Pleased to meet you – Χάρηκα πολύ (ha-ree-ka po-lee)
  • How are you? – Tι κανείς (tee-kah-nis)?
  • Good, thanks! – Ευχαριστώ (eff-kha-ri-stoe)
  • See you later! – τα λέμε (ta-leh-meh)
  • Goodbye / bye – Γειά σου (yah-soo)
  • Goodnight! – Καληνύχτα  (Kal-y-nee-hta)

Ps and Qs

Spanish

  • Please – Por favor
  • Thanks – Gracias
  • Thanks very much – Muchas gracias
  • You’re welcome / Don’t mention it – De nada
  • It’s my pleasure – El gusto es mio! ; Placér!
  • Can you help me? Puede ayudarme?
  • Can I …? – ¿Puedo …?
  • Can I have …? – ¿Me da …?
  • Yes please. Sí, por favor
  • No thanks. No, gracias
  • Everything’s fine Todo va bien
  • Don’t worry – No se preocupa (usted) / No te preocupas
  • I’m (very) sorry – Lo siento (muchísimo)
  • Forgive me – Disculpa me
  • Pardon me – Perdón
  • Excuse me! – Perdona me
  • Excuse me? (to get past)- ¿Me hace el favor?
  • Pardon? (I didn’t hear) – ¿Como?

French

  • Please – S’il vous plait
  • Thanks – Merci
  • (I) thank you (formal) – je vous remercie
  • My pleasure – je vous en prie
  • You’re welcome – il n’y a pas de quoi
  • Don’t mention it – De rien
  • Can you help me ? Pouvez-vous m’aider?
  • Can I …?- Est-ce que je peux …?
  • May I … ? – puis-je …?
  • Yes please – Oui, s’il vous plait
  • No thanks. Non, merci
  • Everything’s fine – tout va bien
  • Don’t worry! – ne t’inquiète pas!
  • I’m sorry – Je suis désolé(e)
  • Pardon me – Pardon!
  • Excuse me! – Excusez-moi!
  • Pardon? (I didn’t hear) – Comment?


Italian

  • Please – per favore ; per piacere
  • Thanks – Grazie ; molte grazie (many thanks)
  • My pleasure – Mi piacere
  • You’re welcome – Prego!
  • Don’t mention it – Si figuri!
  • Can you help me? – può aiutarmi
  • Can I … ?- Posso?
  • Yes please. , per favore
  • No thanks. No, grazie
  • Everything’s fine – tutto a posto!
  • Don’t worry – non preoccuparti
  • I’m sorry – mi dispiace!
  • Forgive me – Perdonami!
  • Excuse me! – Mi scusi! (formal)
  • I ask your forgiveness! – Ti chiedo perdono!
  • Pardon? (please repeat) – Può ripetere, per favore? (don’t use che? as it can mean “You don’t know what are you saying!”

Romanianwork in progress

  • Please
  • Thanks
  • (I) thank you (formal)
  • My pleasure
  • You’re welcome
  • Don’t mention it
  • Can you help me?
  • Can I … ?-
  • May I … ?
  • Yes please.
  • No thanks.
  • Everything’s fine
  • Don’t worry
  • I’m sorry
  • Forgive me
  • Pardon me
  • Excuse me!
  • Pardon? (I didn’t hear)

Germanwork in progress

  • Please
  • Thanks
  • (I) thank you (formal)
  • My pleasure
  • You’re welcome
  • Don’t mention it
  • Can you help me?
  • Can I … ?-
  • May I … ?
  • Yes please.
  • No thanks.
  • Everything’s fine
  • Don’t worry
  • I’m sorry
  • Forgive me
  • Pardon me
  • Excuse me!
  • Pardon? (I didn’t hear)

Russian

  • Please – пожалуйста
  • Thanks – спасибо
  • (I) thank you (formal) – я вас благодарю
  • You’re welcome – пожалуйста
  • Don’t mention it – не за что
  • Can you help me? – вы можете мне помочь?
  • May I … ? – можно мне …?
  • Yes please. – Да, пожалуйста
  • No thanks. – Нет спасибо
  • Everything’s fine – всё хорошо
  • Don’t worry –не волнуйся
  • I’m sorry – извини
  • Forgive me – простите меня
  • Excuse me (sorry)! Извините
  • Excuse me (to get past) Прошу прощения

Norwegian

  • Please – vaer så snill ( var saw snihl )
  • Thanks / thank you – takk ( tahk )
  • You’re welcome – ingen årsak ( ihng-uhn awr-sahk)
  • Don’t mention it – bare hyggelig ( bah’ ruh huig-guh-lih )
  • Can you help me? – Kan du hjelpe meg? ( kahn dew yehl’-puh may? )
  • Can I … ? – Kan jeg … ? ( kahn yay …)
  • Yes Ja ( yah )
  • No thanks. Nei takk ( nay tahk )
  • Don’t worry – ikke bekymre deg ( ihk-kuh beh-eem-uh’re dye)
  • I’m sorry – Baklager! (buh-klahh-guhr)
  • Excuse me! – unnskyld ( ewn shewl)
  • What was that? Hva sa du (vah sah dew)
  • I (don’t) understand – jeg forstår ikke ( yay for-staw‘r (ihk-kuh) )

Greek

  • Please – Παρακαλώ (para-kah-loe)
  • Thanks – Ευχαριστώ (eff-kha-ri-stoe)
  • You’re welcome – Παρακαλώ (para-kah-loe)
  • Can you help me? – Μπορειτε να με βοηθησετε? (Bor-ee-teh na me voy-thee-se-teh)
  • Yes please – Ναί (neh),
  • No – όχι (oh-hee)
  • Everything’s fine (OK) – εντάξει (en-tax-i)
  • Don’t worry – Μην ανησυχείς (Min an-i-see-hay-is)
  • No problem – κανένα πρόβλημα (kan-ena prOvlima)
  • I’m sorry – Συγνώμη (See-ghno-mee)
  • Pardon me – Συγνώμη (See-ghno-mee)
  • Excuse me! – Συγνώμη (See-ghno-mee)
  • Pardon? (I didn’t hear) Παρακαλώ (para-kah-loe)?

Hospitality and Good Wishes

Spanish

  • Welcome – bienvenido
  • Cheers! – (a tu )Salud!
  • I’d like … – Quería … (I want)
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal) – que aproveche
  • The meal was delicious! La comida estaba deliciosa!
  • It was fun – Estaba muy divertido
  • Thanks for everything / for your hospitality – Gracias por todo / por su hospitalidad
  • Have a good day – buen día
  • Safe journey. – buen viaje

French

  • Welcome – Bienvenu(e)
  • Cheers! Santé
  • I’d like … – je voudrais
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal) – bon appetit!
  • The meal was delicious! – Le repas était délicieux!
  • I enjoyed myself very much. – Je me suis très bien amusé(e)
  • Thanks for your hospitality. – merci beaucoup pour votre gentillesse
  • Have a good day – bonne journée
  • Safe journey – bon voyage!

Italian

  • Welcome – benvenuto/a! (man / woman) ; benvenuti/e! (men/women)
  • Cheers! Salute! / Alla salute!
  • I’d like … – io vorrei ...
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal) – buon appetito
  • The meal is very good / delicious! – i pasto è buonissimo / esquisito!!
  • Thanks for your hospitality. – grazie per la vostra ospitalità
  • Take care – Stammi bene (one person) ; Statemi bene (a group)

Romanianwork in progress

  • Welcome
  • Cheers!
  • Good health!
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal)
  • The meal was delicious!
  • Did you enjoy your stay?
  • I enjoyed myself very much.
  • Thanks for your hospitality.
  • Have a good day –
  • Safe journey.

Germanwork in progress

  • Welcome
  • Cheers!
  • Good health!
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal)
  • The meal was delicious!
  • Did you enjoy your stay?
  • I enjoyed my stay very much.
  • Thanks for your hospitality.
  • Safe journey.

Russian

  • Welcome – Добро пожаловать!
  • Cheers! – За здоровье (health); За встречу (meeting);
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal) – приятногo аппетита
  • Thanks for everything – спасибо за всё

Norwegian

  • Welcome – velkommen
  • Cheers! – skål
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal) – God appetitt
  • Thanks for everything – takk for alt
  • Have a good day – Ha en fin dag

  • ...

Greek

  • Welcome – υγειά σας! (yah-sas) to a group or υγειά μας! (yah-mas) to an individual
  • Cheers! (to our health!) – Στην υγειά μας! (stin-eh yah-mas) or υγειά σας! (yah-sas) for a group
  • ‘Bottom’s Up!’ (very informal / familiar) – Ασπρο πάτο !(ahs-pro pah-toh) = white bottom
  • Bon Appetit! (enjoy your meal) – Καλή όρεξη! (Kalee Orexi)
  • wonderful/delicious! – υπέροχος  (y-per-o-chos)
  • Thanks for everything! – Ευχαριστώ για όλα (eff-kha-ri-stoe yah ola )

So now you’ve no excuse for not ‘minding your P’s and Qs!

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